It's
March Madness, the time of NCAA basketball tournaments.
College basketball fans across the country hope their favorite
team will emerge victorious from the Final Four.
It's
also the final full month of tax-preparation season.
Millions
of taxpayers also hope their final tax returns aren't one
of the estimated 1.5 million returns chosen for audit. Here
are things to scrutinize so that your 1040 filing is more
like a relaxed free throw than an exasperated flail from
half-court.
First,
a little bit of back-to-basics regarding income reporting.
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Report all your income on the proper forms and on the correct
lines. For example, W-2 income belongs on Form 1040, line
7; income from residential or office rent goes on Schedule
E; and 1099-MISC non-employee compensation should appear
on a Schedule C, etc.
The IRS utilizes automated matching techniques. If you receive
a W-2 or 1099, (especially a 1099-B), the sender also has
filed a copy with the IRS. It's important to show all the
amounts on your return to avoid unmatched records in the
IRS's computer systems.
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1099-INTs are particularly tricky. Report the income on
Schedule B exactly as it appears on your 1099-INT, rather
than combining it under one heading. You may be asked to
explain why you haven't reported it all when, in fact, you
have.
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Include tips and cash payments on your return, especially
if your profession is known to involve substantial currency
payments. Underreporting your income is the most dangerous
audit invitation.
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Declare hobby income on Form 1040, line 21 rather than attempting
to take hobby expenses as a business loss on Schedule C.
Hobbies vs. business draw the attention of auditors.
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Annual income over $100,000 makes you special in the eyes
of the IRS. During the fiscal year 2005, audits of taxpayers
taking home more than $100,000 annually reached 221,000.
To
remain inconspicuous in the deduction arena, heed the following.
(1)
Keep charitable donations proportionate to your annual income.
IRS Service Center computers can, and do, compute means
and standard deviations. For non-cash contributions, such
as donating college textbooks to the local library, avoid
inflating the value. Automating matching tools abound to
generate comparisons of donated items.
(2)
Self-employed persons or small-business owners draw an inordinate
amount of attention. The self-employed are tempted to blur
the distinction between personal and business expenses,
such as a mileage deductions or designating the basement
of your home an office.
Generally avoid the home office deduction if you can. An
arms-length lease agreement with your own small corporation
avoids this potential exposure.
(3)
The IRS closely looks at unusually high deductions compared
to your own income. If you earned $100,000 from your day
job, but "invested" in the real estate market
and claimed an $80,000 loss, you might become an audit candidate.
Systems look for offsetting deductions against reported
income.
(4)
Deductions and expenses on your return also are weighed
against other taxpayers in the same income bracket. Many
tax-preparation software programs will do these calculations
for you based on known averages.
(5)
Double check for inadvertent duplicate deductions; review
Schedule A, Schedule C and Schedule E for duplicate entries.
(6)
If you know the deduction exceeds the average, file an explanation
with your return. For example, if your tenants damaged rental
property, list repair costs under "Other Expenses:
Tenant Damage" rather than under the generic "Repairs."
In extreme cases, attach a copy of a document that will
substantiate your deduction.
(7)
While some audits are random, most are the result of statistical
comparisons. Though one large deduction can trigger an audit,
the taxpayer has the right to take all legitimate deductions,
and questions can be answered by providing adequate documentation.
(8)
Finally, make your return easy to handle. File electronically
instead of hand-writing your return. Avoid attaching unnecessary
forms to your tax return unless you absolutely have an extraordinary
situation.
According
to the Internal Revenue Service:
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There were 1,216,000 audits of individual returns in 2005,
a 20 percent increase over 2004.
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Audits of individuals with incomes over $100,000 surpassed
221,000, the highest figure in 10 years, and well over double
the 92,000 completed in fiscal year 2001.
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Audits of small businesses organized as corporations numbered
17,867 in 2005, up from 7,294 a year earlier.
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Audits of larger corporations -- those with assets of more
than $10 million -- increased 14 percent from a year ago
to 10,878.
And
one last shot in overtime: The No. 1 factor that draws attention
to your filing remains -- believe it or not -- forgetting
to sign the return.